"The first step in the evolution of ethics is a sense of solidarity with other human beings." - Albert Schweitzer
Introduction:
Ethical decision making involves evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles. In making ethical decisions, it is essential to perceive and eliminate unethical options and select the best ethical alternative.
Key Principles:
- Beneficence:
- Description: The principle of doing good, ensuring the well-being of others.
- Example: A physician recommending a course of treatment that is in the best interest of the patient, not the most profitable.
- Non-Maleficence:
- Description: "Do no harm." Avoid causing harm intentionally.
- Example: A company choosing not to release a product that hasn't been adequately safety-tested.
- Justice:
- Description: Treating others fairly and equitably.
- Example: Ensuring everyone, regardless of their background, has an equal opportunity in a hiring process.
- Autonomy:
- Description: Respecting the freedom and choices of individuals.
- Example: Respecting a patient's decision to decline a particular medical treatment, even if you disagree.
- Fidelity:
- Description: Being trustworthy and honoring commitments.
- Example: A researcher being honest about the results of a study, even if they are unfavorable.
Steps in Ethical Decision Making:
- Define the Problem: Understand the situation and articulate the moral dilemma.
- Identify Alternatives: Consider all available options.
- Evaluate the Alternatives:
- Assess potential harms and benefits.
- Consider legal implications.
- Reflect on personal beliefs and values.
- Make the Decision: Choose the option that aligns best with ethical principles and personal values.
- Implement the Decision: Put your choice into action.
- Reflect on the Decision: Consider the results of your decision, evaluate its effectiveness, and reflect on what you learned.